Contribution to pollution by different types of vehicles based on age and number

Abstract

This study assessed the smoke, hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from a range of age groups and car types. The results show a distinct trend of rising emissions with vehicle age, with older cars having the greatest emission levels. Older cars (20+ years) had emissions of CO (18.83 times higher), HC (5.81 times higher), and smoke (3.97 times higher) than newer cars (0–5 years), suggesting that older cars play a major role in air pollution. Similar to cars, motorbikes showed a significant increase in emissions. In the group of people aged 5 to 10, CO emissions increased from 0.63 times to 7.00 times, while HC emissions increased from 0.72 times to 6.20 times. Both trucks and buses showed similar trends: for vehicles older than 20 years, CO emissions peaked at 3.28 times and HC at 6.20 times, while for buses, CO emissions peaked at 1.55 times and smoke levels peaked at 5.50 times.